What Causes Glomerulonephritis? Glomerulonephritis can occur suddenly (acute) or develop gradually over time (chronic). Common causes include: • Infections, especially streptococcal throat or skin infections • Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) • Vasculitis and other inflammatory conditions • Diabetes and long-standing hypertension • Certain medications and toxins In some cases, the exact cause may be unknown. ⸻ Signs and Symptoms The symptoms vary depending on the severity and type of glomerulonephritis. Common features include: • Swelling of the face, hands, feet, or ankles (edema) • Foamy urine due to proteinuria • Blood in the urine (hematuria) • Reduced urine output • High blood pressure • Fatigue ⸻ Diagnosis Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical findings and investigations. These may include: • Urinalysis showing protein or blood • Blood tests assessing kidney function (urea, creatinine) • Imaging studies such as ultrasound • Kidney biopsy in selected cases to confirm the type and severity ⸻ Management Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Management may include: • Treating the underlying infection or condition • Controlling blood pressure • Use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs • Dietary modifications such as reduced salt and protein intake • Dialysis in severe or advanced cases Early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial to prevent progression to chronic kidney disease.

Disclaimer & Credit: All medical articles including ours, are informative and provide population trends not specific to individuals which can be very different. Always seek personalized medical advice from your doctor for individual healthcare decisions.

Posted January 14, 2026